Algorithm to find first available number

So recently I stumbled across a programming quiz to which I later returned because it somehow fascinated me.

Problem

Finding the first available number (or the smallest missing number) in a list is a common problem in Computer Science (for example for Defragmenting or generating keys) and describes the search for the smallest natural number, which is not part of a set X of natural numbers. X is a set of distinct natural numbers (and being a set, is not ordered).

We are now looking for a function with linear worst-case time complexity O(n).

Example

We define X as a set of distinct natural numbers:

X = {23,9,12,0,11,1,13,7,21,14,5,4,17,19,3,6,2}

So in this set, we find that the number 8 is the first available number (smallest missing number). So running the algorithm over the above set should return 8.

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Java: Recursive digit sum function

For an university assignment, I had to implement a recursive function to calculate the digit sum of a given number. I place my solution here for my own reference:

public static int digitSum(int n) {
	if(n < 10)
		return n;
	else
		return n % 10 + digitSum(n / 10);
}

This code can also be found in the GitHub repository that I am keeping for university: ChecksumTool.java

Java: Comparing floating-point numbers

When comparing floating-point numbers (float, double) in Java, we quickly discover that we get roundoff errors. This has to do with the limited precision of Java floating point variables. The following code example shows the problem at hand:

double r = Math.sqrt(2);
double d = r * r - 2;
if (d == 0)
	System.out.println("sqrt(2) squared minus 2 is 0");
else
	System.out.println("sqrt(2) squared minus 2 is not 0 but " + d);

Theoretically, d should be 0, but because we have limited precision (see the documentation on primitive data types) there will be a difference:

sqrt(2) squared minus 2 is not 0 but 4.440892098500626E-16

One possibility to circumvent this problem is to define a constant value (the following example uses EPSILON). We then check if the difference is smaller than that constant value. Since we received a very small number (4.4E-16) above, we can use 1E-14 as the value of our constant:

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Hello world

My name is Simon Krenger, I am a Technical Account Manager (TAM) at Red Hat. I advise our customers in using Kubernetes, Containers, Linux and Open Source.

Elsewhere

  1. GitHub
  2. LinkedIn
  3. GitLab